Coke oven battery



Nov.- 12, 1940. w. sTAEcKEL coKE OVEN .BATTERY Filed Aug. 7, 1937INVETOR .i

BY d v ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 12, 1940 UNITED STATES COKE OVEN BATTERYWalter Staeckel, Bochum, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, toFuel Rening Corporation, a corporation of Delaware Application August 7,1937, Serial No. 157,873 Y `In Germany September 5, 1936 i 2 Claims.

It has been observed that in externally heated coke ovens in which thefuel charge is introduced through a plurality of apertures in the ovencover 1 which are distributed over the length of the 5 chamber, althoughuniform heating of the two longitudinal walls of the chamber is arrangedthe part of the charge located between the charging apertures,particularly towards the top of the charge was carbonised more slowlythan the rest of the charge. It appears that this phenomenon may beexplained as follows: the coal which passes through the chargingyapertures forms a conical heap down the sloping sides of which the coalslides; in consequenceof this `a grading of the coal into differentsizes takes place with the finer grades located, more or less directlyunder the charging apertures and the coarser grades disposed towards thesides of the apertures.

The subject 0f the invention is a coke oven bato tery havingintermediate heating chambers, which are divided into vertical fiues,the heating flues being arranged to be supplied with fuel in groups, insuch a manner that the groups of heating ues which are arranged at theside of a part of an oven chamber which is located below a chargingaperture, can be provided with fuel in such manner that the rate ofheating therein is diierent from the rate of heating in the group orgroups of heating ues arranged at the side of the remaining parts of theOven chamber. In

this manner it is possible for the parts not located under the chargingapertures to be heated more intensively than the remaining parts andthus for allowance to be made for the fact that the coarser grades ofcoal are inferior in thermal conductivity as compared with the finergrades of coal.

In an embodiment of the invention the heating walls are divided intotwin nues, the arrangement being such that each part of the chamberlocated below a charging aperture corresponds to a pair Oi twin ues, andeach of the remaining parts of the chamber corresponds to one or moreother pairs of twin fiues. In this arrangement the axis of each chargingaperture may be located in the plane of the prolongation of the fluedivision wall which separates the two ues of a pair of twin fines.

With the type of oven having Vertical heating flues, in which in some orall of the flues there are provided burners for supplying rich gas whichproject -above the heating flue sole; those burners in the heating flueswhich are arranged at the side of the part of the chamber which islocated lower than those inthe heating ilues which are at the side ofthe remaining parts of the Oven chamber; thus in the last named iluesthe rich gas flame can be placed higher and therefore the formation ofbadly coked portions inthe upper 5 part of the charge between thecharging apertures is avoided.

In twin heating flues having a higher burner in one heating flue of eachpair and a lower burner intheother, the burners of both kinds which l0are disposed at the side of parts `of the Oven chambers whicharenotfbelow the charging apertures are higher than the correspondingburners in the pairs oftwin ilues located at the side of the parts ofthe oven chambers which are below 15 the charging apertures.

yFor lean gas heating it is advisable to enlarge the passages `betweenthe air andlean gas regenerators and `those heating flues which must bemore strongly heated. Arrangements are known 20 for mixingI air and leangas intimately at the bot,- tom of the heating fluesg Such. apparatusfor mixing lean gas and air consist preferably of outlet channels forlean gas and air disposed angularly in respect of one another in theheating ue, the air and gas being caused to mix `with each other inswirling currents, or consist of deflecting surfaces placed in the pathof the issuing gas and air. These apparatus, in the ues located at theside of the`chamber parts below the charging 30 holes may, to carry outthe invention, have a weaker mixing action Or be entirely omitted inorder thus to lengthen the lean gas llame and extend it upwards. Forexample, the outlet chanlnels for lean gas and air may converge at amore 35 acute angle or the deiiecting surfaces may be arranged lessinclined.

In the accompanying drawing which illustrates by way of example achamber oven embodying the invention: 40

Fig. 1 is a vertical section in the longitudinal direction through aheating wall and, in the lefthand upper corner of the ligure through anoven chamber.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section` in the longitudinal 45 direction of thebattery along the line lI-II of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 3 is a similar section along the line 111-111 of Fig. 1.

The oven chambers a separated by intermedi- 50 ate heating walls, arecharged with fuel through charging apertures b. Below the chambers thereare arranged regenerators combined in groups of three, of which in oneOperative period the middle one c serves for pre-heating lean gas, andthe duct waste gases.

two outer ones d for pre-heating air, while in the other operativeperiod all three regenerators con- The supply of rich gas is effected bydistributing pipes e and f arranged in the cellar like space shown, andvertical channels y.

The arrangement of the lcharging apertures and sub-division of theheating wall into twin lues is carried out in such manner that at theside of each part of the oven chamber which is located below a chargingaperture there is a pair of twin flues h, while at the side of theremaining parts of the chamber there are arranged pairs of twin iiues i.As shown, the two ues h collectively forming a hairpin flue alongsideeach oven chamber portion immediately beneath a charging opening b, areat opposite sides of the vertical plane transverse to the length of Athecoking chamber and passing centrally through said opening. As eachindividual heating flue is con nected in a regulable manner with one ofthe two rich gas pipes e and f, a greater quantity of rich gas can besupplied forthwith to the heating ues located at the side of those partsof the chamber which yare no-t below the charging apertures. The burnerheads lc which are arranged .in pairs of high and low burners, and towhich the rich gas iiame higher in those flues. the average rich gasburner level is higher in the the channels g open, are higher in the uesz' than in the flues h so that it is possible to arrange Thus,

iiues i than in the lues h, and the ratio of fuel burnt in the upperportion of the flues to fuel burned in the lower portion of the flue, ismade lower in the case of the lues h than in the case of the flues i.

The ratio of top heating eiect to bottom heating elect of the flues i,may be made greater than that of the ues h, in operation with lean fuelgas, iby the arrangement of the air and gas mixing means associated withthe lower portions of the flues, so as to obtain more effective mixingaction in the lower portions of the ues h than in the lower portions ofthe flues i. The passages m v and n to the generators c and d have, inthe case of the heating ues i :a greater cross section than in the caseof the heating iiues h. These differences in the heating of the ueslocated at the side of the oven chamber parts which are below thecharging apertures and the remaining fiues, render it possible for theentire contents of the chamber to be caused to carbonise more uniformlythan has been the case heretofore.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A coke oven battery having a horizontally elongated oven chamber andspaced apart charging openings in the top Wall of said chamber, aheating wall alongside said chamber and formed with vertical heatingflues arranged in groups respectively adjacent the portions of the ovenchamber immediately beneath the charging openings and in other groupsrespectively adjacent the portions of the oven chamber at the sides ofthe rst mentioned portions, and combustible agent supply meansassociated with the different groups of flues and comprising burnersopening to said iiues at a level which averages lower in i'lues of therst mentioned groups than in nues of said other groups.

2. A coke oven battery having a horizontally elongated oven chamber andspaced apart charging openings in the top of sai-d chamber, a heatingwall alongside said chamber and formed with

